@article { author = {Al-Dulaimi, Ajyad Thamer Nayef}, title = {Transferring of the right to a civil lawsuit}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {1-73}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160734}, abstract = {The right to a claim is transferred back to the death advances or Ptaamlh with the right objective apart from direct action or not conducted by the predecessor, but the emergence of the right in the cases of advances associated with the presence of a group of staff and legal requirements that must be met before talking about the transmission of the right in the lawsuit, as well as there are barriers preventing the possibility of the transmission of many of the suits, these barriers are either personal, due to the correlation matter of the proceeding a person advances, and either be objective, due to the fact that the matter of the proceeding is transmissible, if available corners transitions and conditions,  and no longer contravenes, the right in the lawsuit moves from the predecessor to the successor, even if still advances recipe before submitting it to the suit, because the right in the case earlier in his presence on the exercise of the case and conducted.}, keywords = {The legal nature of the right to a civil lawsuit}, title_ar = {انتقال الحق فی الدعوى المدنیة}, abstract_ar = {ان الحق فی الدعوى ینتقل الى الخلف بوفاة السلف او بتصرفه فی الحق الموضوعی بصرف النظر عن مباشرة الدعوى او عدم مباشرتها من قبل السلف، الا ان نشأة الحق فی الدعوى للسلف یرتبط بوجود مجموعة من الارکان والشروط القانونیة التی یتعین توافرها قبل الحدیث عن انتقال الحق فی الدعوى، فضلا ان هناک موانع تحول دون امکانیة انتقال العدید من الدعاوى، وهذه الدعاوى اما ان تکون شخصیة، ترجع الى کون محل الدعوى غیر قابل للانتقال، فاذا توافرت ارکان الانتقال وشروطه، وانتفعت موانعه، فان الحق فی الدعوى ینتقل من السلف الى الخلف حتى ولو زالت صفة السلف قبل رفعه للدعوى، لان الحق فی الدعوى سابق فی وجوده على ممارسة الدعوى ومباشرتها.}, keywords_ar = {الطبیعة القانونیة للحق فی الدعوى المدنیة}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160734.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160734_7d14b57b45f7d1cc5c9ecc7fc039e388.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Dalawi, Bmu Pervez Khan}, title = {The detector effect of recording the transfer of ownership of the property - A Comparative Analysis Study -}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {75-124}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160739}, abstract = {The legal actions are the widest causes of the establishment and transfer of the right of ownership of a property, but they are not able to do so until from the time of taking into account the formalities imposed by law, as the formality has a creative impact in this case. However, the formalism may be stripped of this role, its impact is limited to the detection on these rights, and this is what we find in the legal facts. Adhesion and preemption are two reasons on the reasons for winning property of ownership, so that the ownership arises there from the time that the conditions have been met without the need to take into account the formality, because the law ruled that the formalities have to be taken into account in actions not in facts. In addition, the right of ownerships that may arise from other causes other than those mentioned in civil legislations: (contract, adhesion, pre-emption, tenure), it may be established through the legislation, administrative decisions and the decision of judiciary, these reasons may establish the right of property not simply revealing it. The legislation or the administrative decision may determine the pillars and conditions for establishing the right, if achieved the right is established directly without need for any further action, as well as in relation to the decision of judiciary, if the judge issued a decision based on his discretion to establish a right for the benefit of a particular person, when the decision becomes final it establishes the right, and the concerned authority has to register the right in that time, and this indicates that the impact of registration is detection of the right and nothing else.  }, keywords = {Original formalism and its impact and reserves in the transfer of ownership of the property}, title_ar = {الاثر الکاشف للتسجیل فی نقل ملکیة العقار -دراسة تحلیلیة مقارنة-}, abstract_ar = {ان التصرفات القانونیة هی السبب الاوسع لانشاء حق الملکیة العقاریة وانتقالها، ولکنها غیر قادرة على ذلک الا من وقت مراعاة الشکلیة المفروضة فی القانون، إذ ان للشکلیة اثر منشیء فی هذه الحالة. بید ان الشکلیة قد تجرد من هذا الدور، فیقتصر اثرها على الکشف عن هذه الحقوق، وهذا ما نجده فی الوقائع القانونیة، فالالتصاق والشفعة هما سببان من اسباب کسب الملکیة العقاریة، إذ تنشأ الملکیة عنهما وقت تحقق شروطهما من دون الحاجة الى مراعاة الشکلیة، لان القانون أوجب مراعاتها الشکلیة فی التصرفات من دون الوقائع.  فضلاً عن ذلک فقد تنشأ حق الملکیة العقاریة من اسباب أخرى غیر التی ذکرته التشریعات المدنیة : (العقد ، الالتصاق، الشفعة، الحیازة)، فانه قد ینشأ عبر التشریعات والقرارات الاداریة وقرار القضاء، وقد تکون هذه الاسباب منشئاً لحق الملکیة لا مقرراً له. إذ ان التشریع أو القرار الاداری قد یحدد ارکان وشروط نشوء الحق، فان تحققت تنشأ الحق مباشرة من دون الحاجة الى أی اجراء آخر، وبالنسبة الى قرار القضاء، فاذا أصدر القاضی قراراً بناء على سلطته التقدیریة لانشاء حق لمصلحة شخص معین، فمتى حاز القرار درجة البتات انشأ الحق، وعلى الجهة المختصة تسجیل الحق منذ ذلک الوقت، ویدل هذا على ان اثر التسجیل یقتصر على ثبوت الحق لیس إلا.}, keywords_ar = {الشکلیة واثرها الاصلی والاحتیاطی فی نقل ملکیة العقار}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160739.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160739_e798299fe17e6f031f1f86254cb37a6f.pdf} } @article { author = {Al Hadidi, Radwan Ezzeddine Saleh}, title = {Fasting the ninth of Muharram and tenth in the balance of modern and scholars}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {125-190}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160735}, abstract = {Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad Syed the first two and the others, and all his family and companions and after: Since for quite some time they haunt me from time to time several ideas about conversations fasting Ashura and how to reconcile them without conflict or contradiction, so agree nor disagree, and reconcile between not repel each other, and meet and diverge.Things are getting thinking as they passed us the month of Muharram, as the great day of the days of Allah, the Almighty, who stated in the bounty of the conversations and effects much, the Islamic occasions stones come to move feeling beautiful among Muslims; to accept the God Vyazdedua purification and clarity and purity, and this partial Do not talk to us, but the controversy frequently in mosques, forums and social networking on fast Taasoo'a and Ashura in terms of jurisprudence and Hadith.It fell in myself to go into CAB, and the whole speeches, and see the commentary in books jurists on the four schools, etc., and Angel wrote strange language, and embedded conversations and Zoaúdha and Adeem considered long, and asked the Almighty to facilitate me understand conversations correctly and accurately grasp, opened God for His grace and generosity, where I was able to gather conversations and working all the evidence by Divisional plugged Ashura into four stages, each stage conditions and circumstances of the case and أحادیثها, then comes the next stage and so on until the settled rule and clarified the matter . Was Divisional stages as follow : The first phase experienced by fasting Ashura was since ignorance to the to Medina, and the second phase of entrymigration of the Prophet city to the second year of migration, and the third stage ofProphet the second year of migration to the conquest of Mecca, and fourth and city after the conquest tofinal phase of entering the Prophet death. And each of the four stages of the provisions of its own by conversations and effects contained therein.It made me joy, joy and pleasure that this division did not find it when modernists and when commentators talk and when scholars from the four schools considered nor the other, neither ancient nor modern of them, and this by the grace of Allah on me and outdated. This was the nature of the research that requires divided it after this introduction to pave three sections and a conclusion. Speaking in the boot of the virtue of the month of Muharram and Ashura preferred and so on. In the first part I talked about the term Ashoora Ashura in language and terminology and two problematic and idiomatic language and answered them in the three demands. In the second part dealt with talk of Ashura when modernists and divided it into four demands, which earlier stages that I mentioned.In the third section put a ruling on fasting Ashura Ashoora when scholars of the owners of the four schools considered, and is located in the four demands. Then Conclusion that summarized what was the outcome, and outlined where the findings from this study, this has been tried my best to Ozawj between the views of modernists and scholars in this partial thorny, the was right, it is God alone, though other it myself and Tgosaira, and ask him Almighty that does not deprive me pay per judgmental, and God good expectancies and Akram responsible.}, keywords = {The concept Ashura and Taasoo}, title_ar = {صوم التاسع من محرم والعاشر فی میزان المحدثین والفقهاء}, abstract_ar = {          فَمُنْذُ فَتْرَةٍ لَیْسَتْ بِالقَصِیْرَةِ کَانَتْ تُرَاوِّدُنِی بَیْنَ الحِیْنِ وَالحِینِ أَفْکَارٌ عِدَّةٌ حَوْلَ أَحَادِیثِ صِیَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَکَیْفِیةِ التَّوْفِیقِ بَیْنَهَا بِلا تَعَارُضٍ وَلا تَضَادٍ ، بِحَیْثُ تَتَفِقُ وَلا تَخْتَلِفُ ، وَتَأْتَلِفُ وَلا تَتَنَافَرُ ، وَتَجْتَمِعُ وَلا تَتَفَرَّقُ . وَتَزْدَادُ الأُمُورُ تَفْکِیْرَاً کُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَیْنَا شَهْرُ مُحَرَّمٍ ، إذْ فِیهِ یَوْمٌ عَظِیمٌ مِنْ أَیَّامِ الله تَبَارَکَ وَتَعَالى ، والَّذِی وَرَدَ فِی فَضْلِهِ مِنَ الأحَادِیثِ وَالآثَارِ الشّیءُ الکَثِیرُ ، فَإنَّ المنَاسَبَاتِ الإسْلامِیَّةَ الکَرِیْمَةَ تَأتِی لِتُحَرِّکَ شُعُورَاً جَمِیلاً لَدَى المسْلِمینَ ؛ لیُقبِلوا عَلَى الله فَیَزْدَادُوا طُهْرًا وَصَفَاءً وَنَقَاءً ، وَهَذِهِ الجُزْئِیةُ لا نِقَاشَ لنَا فِیْهَا ، وَلَکِنَّ الجَدَلَ یَکْثُرُ فِی المسَاجِدِ وَالمنْتَدَیَاتِ وَشَبَکَاتِ التَّواصُلِ الإجْتِمَاعِیِّ حَوْلَ صِیَامِ تَاسُوعَاءَ وَعَاشُورَاءَ مِنَ النَّاحِیةِ الفِقْهِیَّةِ وَالحَدِیثیَّةِ . فَوَقَعَ فِی نَفْسِی أَنْ أَخُوضَ غِمَارَهُ ، وَأَجْمَعَ أَحَادِیْثَهُ ، وَأَنْظُرَ فِی شُروحَاتِهِ وَفِی کُتُبِ الفُقَهاءِ عَلَى المذَاهِبِ الأرْبَعَةِ وَغَیْرِهَا ، وَانْخُلَ کُتُبَ الغَرِیبِ وَاللُّغَةِ ، وَمُتَونَ الأحَادِیثِ وَزَوَائِدَهَا  وَأُدِیْمَ النَّظَرَ فِیْهَا طَوِیْلاً ، وَطَلَبْتُ مِنَ البَارِی عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ یُیَسِرَ لِی فَهْمَ الأحَادِیثِ بِشَکْلٍ صَحِیحٍ وَفَهْمٍ دَقِیقٍ ، فَفَتَحَ الله عَلیَّ بِمَنَّهِ وَکَرَمِهِ ، حَیْثُ اسْتَطَعْتُ أَنْ أَجْمَعَ الأحَادِیثَ وَأعْمَلَ بِجَمِیعِ الأدِلَّةِ عَنْ طَرِیقِ تَقْسِیمی لِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ إلى أَرْبَعِ مَرَاحِلَ ، کُلُّ مَرْحَلَةٍ لَها ظُرُوفُهَا وَمُلابَسَاتُهَا وَأَحَادِیْثُهَا ، ثُمَّ تَأتِی المرْحَلَةُ الَّتِی تَلِیْهَا وَهَکَذَا حَتَّى اسْتَقَرَّ الحُکْمُ وَوَضُحَتْ المسْأَلَةُ . فَکَانَ تَقْسِیمی لِلْمَرَاحِلِ کَمَا یَلِی : المرْحَلَةُ الأوْلَى الَّتِی مَرَّ بِهَا صَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ کَانَتْ مُنْذُ الجَاهِلِیَّةِ إلى هِجْرَةِ النَّبِیِّ r لِلْمَدِینةِ المنَوَّرَةِ  ، وَالمرْحَلَةُ الثَّانِیةُ مِنْ دُخُولِ النَّبِیِّ r المدِینةَ إلى السَّنَةِ الثَّانِیةِ لِلْهِجْرَةِ ، وَالمرْحَلَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ الثَّانِیةِ لِلْهِجْرَةِ إلى فَتْحِ مَکَةَ ، وَالمرْحَلَةُ الرَّابِعَةُ وَالأخِیْرَةُ مِنْ دُخُولِ النَّبِیِّ r المدینةَ بَعْدَ الفَتْحِ إلى الوَفَاةِ . وَلِکُلِّ مَرْحَلَةٍ مِنَ المرَاحِلِ الأرْبَعِ أَحْکَامٌ خَاصَّةٌ بِها حَسَبَ الأحَادِیثِ وَالآثَارِ الوَارِدَةِ فِیْهَا.   وَمِمَّا زَادَنِی فَرَحَاً وَغِبْطَةً وَسُرُورَاً أَنَّ هَذَا التَّقْسِیمَ لَمْ أَجِدْهُ عِنْدَ المحَدِّثِینَ وَلا عِنْدَ شُرَّاحِ الحَدِیثِ وَلا عِنْدَ الفُقَهَاءِ مِنَ المذَاهِبِ الأرْبَعَةِ المعْتَبَرَةِ وَلا غَیْرِهَا ، لا القُدَمَاءُ وَلا المحْدَثِینَ مِنْهُم ، وَهَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ الله عَلیَّ وَمِنَّتِهِ . هَذَا وَقَدْ اقْتَضَتْ طَبِیْعَةُ البَحْثِ أَنَّ أُقَسِّمَهُ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ المقَدِّمَةِ إلى تَمْهِیدٍ وَثَلاثَةِ مَبَاحِثَ وَخَاتِمَةٍ . تَکَلَّمْتُ فِی التَّمْهِیدِ عَنْ فَضْلِ شَهْرِ الله المُحَرّمِ وَفَضْلِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَغَیْرِ ذَلِکَ . وفِی المبْحَثِ الأوَّلِ تَحَدَّثْتُ عَنْ لَفْظِ تَاسُوعَاءَ وَعَاشُورَاءَ فِی اللُّغَةِ وَالاصْطِلاحِ وَما فِیْهِمَا مِنْ إشْکَالاتٍ لُغَوِیَّةٍ وَاصْطِلاحِیَّةٍ وَأَجَبْتُ عَنْهَا فِی مَطالِبَ ثَلاثَةٍ . وَفِی المبْحَثِ الثَّانِی تَنَاوَلْتُ أَحَادِیْثَ عَاشُورَاءَ عِنْدَ المحَدِّثِینَ وَقَسَّمْتُهَا إلى مَطَالِبَ أَرْبَعَةٍ ، وَهِیَ المرَاحِلُ السَّابِقَةُ الَّتِی ذَکَرْتُها . وَفِی المبْحَثِ الثَّالِثِ عَرَّجْتُ عَلَى حُکْمِ صِیَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَتَاسُوعَاءَ عِنْدَ الفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ المذَاهِبِ الأرْبَعَةِ المعْتَبَرَةِ ، وَیَقَعُ فیِ مَطَالِبَ أَرْبَعَةٍ . ثُمَّ الخَاتِمَةُ الَّتِی لَخَصْتُ مَا جَاءَ فِیْهَا مِنْ نَتَائِجَ ، وَأَجْمَلْتُ فِیْهَا مَا تَوَصَلْتُ إلیهِ مِنْ خِلالِ هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةِ ، هَذَا وَقَدْ حَاوَلَتُ جُهْدِی أَنْ أُزَاوِجَ بَیْنَ آرَاءِ المُحَدِّثِینَ وَالفُقَهَاءِ فِی هَذِهِ الجُزْئِیةِ الشَائِکَةِ ، فَإنْ کَانَ صَوَابَاً فَمِنْ الله وَحْدَهُ، وَإنْ کَانَتْ الأخْرَى فَمِنْ نَفْسِی وَتَقْصِیری ، وَأسْأَلُهُ تَعَالى أَنْ لا یَحْرِمَنِی الأجْرَ الوَاحِدَ عَلى اجْتِهَادِی، واللهُ خَیْرُ مَأمُولٍ وَأَکْرَمُ مَسْئولٍ .}, keywords_ar = {مفهوم عاشوراء وتاسوعاء فی اللغة والاصطلاح}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160735.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160735_8a834ffb071b70da19c9287d155f6c9c.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Jumaili, Abdul Sattar Hussein}, title = {"interference occupying" is a term and concept proposed in the framework of international law}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {191-226}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160740}, abstract = {The stage of the end of the Cold War cases of interference and wide in a number of countries, by America and its allies under the headings of and justification for humanitarian and political, to the extent of direct occupation of the States and change their systems by force, so in the framework of these interventions have been monitoring a new kind of intervention we call "interference occupation", which we tried in this research discussed a case new intervention, and the possibility of his proposal as a "term" and "concept" in the framework of international law and practice has been justified and the justification in the framework of international legitimacy and the international organization, which Benita on the principles of rejects all kinds of occupation and use of force among the people law international, in order to provide an approach of knowledge, legal and specific definition of the situation, and the extent of its legitimacy, by focusing on specific cases of this new type of intervention that exceeded the limits of intervention allowed in international law, the implementation of the occupation of physical states and drop entities and systems, as happened in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya and possibly in other countries, a possible fractal.}, keywords = {Interference occupation,epistemological and legal framework}, title_ar = {"التدخل بالاحتلال" مصطلح ومفهوم مقنرح فی إطار القانون الدولی}, abstract_ar = { شهدت مرحلة انتهاء الحرب الباردة حالات تدخل واسعة فی عدد من الدول، من قبل أمریکا وحلفائها تحت عناوین ومبررات إنسانیة وسیاسیة، وصلت الى حدّ الاحتلال المباشر للدول وتغییر أنظمتها، لذلک وفی إطار هذه التدخلات تم رصد نوع جدید من التدخل أطلقنا علیه "التدخل بالاحتلال"، الذی حاولنا فی هذا البحث مناقشته کحالة تدخل جدیدة، وإمکانیة اقتراحه کـ"مصطلح" و"مفهوم" فی إطار القانون الدولی، وکممارسة جرى تبریرها والتسویغ لها فی إطار الشرعیة الدولیة والمنظمة الدولیة اللتان بنیتا على مبادئ ترفض کلّ أنواع الاحتلال واستخدام القوة بین أشخاص القانون الدولی، وذلک بهدف تقدیم مقاربة معرفیة وقانونیة وتعریف محدد لهذه الحالة، ومدى شرعیتها ،عبر الترکیز على حالات محددة لهذا النوع من التدخل الذی تجاوز الحدود المسموح بها فی القانون الدولی، بتنفیذ احتلال فعلی للدول وإسقاط کیاناتها وأنظمتها، کما حدث فی أفغانستان والعراق ولیبیا وربما فی دول أخرى محتملة کسوریة.}, keywords_ar = {التدخل بالاحتلال,الاطار المعرفی والقانونی}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160740.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160740_0bc87a09c34b020398d6676cb3fcda7a.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Hamdani, Mohammed Hussein and Hadi, Israa Younes}, title = {The impact of capacity in the Criminal Procedures}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {227-273}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160736}, abstract = {To direct actions in each stage of the proceedings must available capacity needed in the outskirts of the case at this stage, as it must enjoy the victim, including his recipe in moving the criminal case by submitting the complaint, and a private complaint for which the law requires to move availability status of the victim. As the Code of Criminal Procedure Iraqi No. (23) of 1971 provided for the enjoyment of the accused and the victim, including HIV-negative of these characteristics of the rights in the investigation and trial stages should be taken into account and not counting the violation of the law (Kalatalaa, for example, leaves the investigation or attend court hearings). The law also stipulated that the above-mentioned to be challenged in advance of a recipe in any rivalry should be a contestant in adversary proceedings and that have an interest in the appeal, also stipulated that the appeal is directed to a discount from the opponents.}, keywords = {Capacity in the Criminal Procedures}, title_ar = {أثر الصفة فی الاجراءات الجزائیة}, abstract_ar = {لمباشرة الاجراءات فی کل مرحلة من مراحل الدعوى لابد ان تتوافر الصفة اللازمة فی اطراف الدعوى فی تلک المرحلة، اذ لابد ان یتمتع المجنی علیه بما له من صفة فی تحریک الدعوى الجزائیة عن طریق تقدیم الشکوى، وخاصة الشکوى الخاصة التی یتطلب القانون لتحریکها توافر صفة المجنی علیه. کما ان قانون اصول المحاکمات الجزائیه العراقی رقم (23) لسنة 1971 نص على تمتع المتهم والمجنی علیه بما یحملونه من هذه الصفة من حقوق فی مرحلتی التحقیق والمحاکمة ینبغی مراعاتها والا عد ذلک انتهاک للقانون (کالاطلاع مثلاً على اوراق التحقیق او حضور جلسات المحاکمة). وایضاً اشترط القانون المذکور اعلاه ان یکون الطعن مقدماً من ذی صفة فی الخصومة أی یجب ان یکون الطاعن خصماً فی الدعوى وان تکون له مصلحة فی الطعن، کما اشترط ان یکون الطعن موجهاً الى خصم من الخصوم فیها.}, keywords_ar = {الصفة فی الاجراءات الجزائیة}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160736.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160736_6cc2832ac4b691f9da113bcbb4180858.pdf} } @article { author = {Alsfo, Nawfal Ali Abdullah}, title = {Criminal law between dependence and independence}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {274-316}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160741}, abstract = {The legal system inside the state provides protection for the vital interests through imposing a group of obligations which individuals and groups must observe.The criminal law represents the active means for achieving this protection. It protect the essential interestOf society.therefor, saying that there is protection in other law is no more than a supposition. In fact, there is no active protection save that contained in criminal legal rule. This protection is one resulting from the existence of a criminal rule whether before applying it.It is found that the criminal law does not enjoy independence of other laws in the legal systemRather it can be said that it enjoys a sort of subjectivity over other laws, which imparts a sort of peculiarityTo it in the roles which it applies for the sake of achieving its end.}, keywords = {Theories of the independence or dependence of criminal law}, title_ar = {القانون الجنائی بین التبعیة والاستقلال}, abstract_ar = {    ان التوجه الغالب فی الفقه یؤکد على ذاتیة القانون الجنائی وانکار تبعیته للقوانین الاخرى او استقلاله، اذ یرتبط القانون الجنائی ارتباطا وثیقا بفروع القانون الاخرى من اجل تحقیق اهداف النظام القانونی، ولا تعنی ذاتیة القانون الجنائی الانفصال أو الاستقلال التام ، إنما تعنی إن لهذا الفرع من فروع القانون طابعاً ذاتیاً خاصاً به فلا یتعارض مع غیره من فروع القانون فی تنظیم الحیاة فی المجتمع ، وان هذه الذاتیة هی امر لا ینفرد القانون الجنائی بها وحده، وانما هی مبدا عام ینطبق على جمیع فروع القانون ، اذ یطوع القانون الجنائی المصطلحات التی یستخدمها والتی تضمنتها قوانین اخرى (أتساعاً أو ضیقاً) على النحو الذی یحقق أهداف القانون الجنائی لکی تکون الحمایة الجنائیة للمصالح المختلفة لها فاعلیتها وقیمتها وتحقق الغایة منها،ویترتب على الاعتراف بذاتیة القانون الجنائی عدم تقیید القانون الجنائی بالمفهوم الفنی للمصطلحات القانونیة التی تنص علیها فروع القانون الاخرى وکذلک المفاهیم الشرعیة او الاجتماعیة لبعض المصطلحات .}, keywords_ar = {نظریات استقلال القانون الجنائی أو تبعیته}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160741.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160741_c206b8756553fbd9a96db9b2bde95dc2.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibraheem, Imad Khalil}, title = {Legal mechanisms for settling disputes arising from the use of international rivers between Iraq and neighbouring countries}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {317-337}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160737}, abstract = {Generally speaking, rivers have special importance in the life of states, in terms of human, economic, and navigation aspects. Their importance, in terms of international law, derive from the fact that either their tracks designate the borders between two or more states or because they cross international borders. Several treaties relating to international water resources have been held, most of which are concerned with navigation and demarcation of borders, turning the focus of the negotiations and treaties from the navigation to the use of water resources, their development, protection, and preservation. Under the development of public international law, customary rules and other international conventional ones organized the question of using these rivers, whether they were regarded as international borders between States or water streams crossing international borders in more than one State, especially those concerning how to resolve disputes arising from the use of these rivers.}, keywords = {legal mechanisms,International rivers}, title_ar = {الالیات القانونیة لتسویة المنازعات التی تنجم عن استخدام الاتهار الدولیة بین العراق والدول المجاورة}, abstract_ar = {       تعدّ الأنهار بصورة عامة ذات أهمیة خاصة فی حیاة الدول من حیث الجوانب البشریة والاقتصادیة والملاحیة ، ومن حیث القانون الدولی تنبع أهمیتها أما لکون مجراها یُعیّن الحدود بین دولتین أو أکثر أو لأنها عابرة للحدود الدولیة . وقد عقدت معاهدات عدّة متعلقة بالموارد المائیة الدولیة، وتعنى غالبیتها بالملاحة وترسیم الحدود، إذْ تحوّل مجال ترکیز المفاوضات ووضع المعاهدات عن الملاحة إلى استخدام الموارد المائیة وتنمیتها وحمایتها وصونها. وفی ظلّ تطور القانون الدولی العام ، فإن قواعد عرفیة وأخرى اتفاقیة دولیة نظّمت مسألة استخدام هذه الأنهار سواءً أکانت تعدّ حدوداً دولیة بین الدول أم مجاری میاه تعبر الحدود الدولیة فی أکثر من دولة ، وخاصةً تلک المتعلقة منها بکیفیة حلّ المنازعات الناجمة عن استخدام هذه الأنهار.  }, keywords_ar = {الالیات القانونیة,الاتهار الدولیة}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160737.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160737_7b09c46af5d88da0b6c4a1324962fe31.pdf} } @article { author = {Omar, Faris Ali and Ahmad, Thaer Rajab}, title = {Arbitrariness to postpone the hearing}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {338-382}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160742}, abstract = {Abuse of right becomes one of the general theories predominating all branches of law. This theory argues that the legal determination of rights and the means for protecting them have not been sufficient for achieving security and stability for legal formalities and centres among individuals. Indeed، there must be means ensuring the use of these rights according to the scope and limits of use.Therefore، one may use his right in a way that causes harm to others; it is considered abuse of right but in a way that contradicts the end drawn by law for such right. Hence،the one using this right is called as abusing the right. Abuse in pleading is deemed to be a more serious danger on rights، in that it causes an increase in expenses and waste in time as a result of slow procedures due to the repetition of postponement resulting from mere procrastination deemed to be its abuse causing harm to the parties.}, keywords = {Arbitrary postponement}, title_ar = {التعسف فی تأجیل المرافعة}, abstract_ar = {التعسف فی أستعمال الحق أصبحت من النظریات العامة التی تسود جمیع فروع القانون ومؤدى هذه النظریة أن تقریر القانون للحقوق ووسائل حمایتها لم یکن کافیاً لتحقیق الأمن والأستقرار للمعاملات والمراکز القانونیة بین الأفراد، بل لابد من وجود وسائل تکفل أستعمال هذه الحقوق وفق نطاق وحدود الأستعمال. لذلک فقد یستعمل صاحب الحق حقه على نحوٍ یلحق ضرراً بالغیر فهو استعمال لحق لکن على نحوٍ مغایر للغایة التی رسمها القانون لهذا الحق وهنا یسمى صاحب الحق متعسفاً فی استعمال حقه. ان التعسف فی أستعمال التأجیل    یکون اشد خطراً على الحقوق بما یؤدی من زیادة للنفقات وهدرٍ للوقت نتیجة بطء الإجراءات بسبب تکرار التأجیل لمجرد المماطلة والتسویف تعسفاً فی   استعماله على نحوٍ یلحق ضررٍ بالخصوم.    }, keywords_ar = {التأجیل التعسفی}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160742.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160742_ac6e1875d87d2d053799591cae05cf04.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibraheem, Safa Samir and Al-Sayegh, Mohammed Younis Yahya}, title = {The role of treaties methods in the settlement of disputes arising from the succession between states}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {393-439}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160738}, abstract = {The problems of  international succession have had a high standing within the general international law literature, and the controversial aspects have increased incessantly within the jurisprudence, judiciary and international conduct to cape with these problems beside continuous development in conditions of the international community that may embodied in emergence of new states and the disappearance of the others and the complication of international relations in their political, economic, and social aspects. When the development course of international succession in international law has passed through substantial phases each of which exposing its own characteristics. After such subjects were organized on the basis of conventional principles that bring in to being problems for proving and explaining them, they have became today by contractual ruled and legal treaties. There is another development as to succession dispute, previously international community used current and temporal solutions that were mostly contradictory about drawn up rules for similar, that is today the proposed rules have become much more organized and precise for dealing with such problems.}, keywords = {Treaties and its role in the settlement of succession disputes between states}, title_ar = {دور الوسائل الاتفاقیة فی تسویة المنازعات الناجمة عن خلافة الدول}, abstract_ar = {تحتل مشکلات الخلافة الدولیة مکانة متمیزة فی أطار دراسات القانون الدولی العام وتتزاید بشکل مطرد الجوانب الخلافیة فی أطار الفقه والقضاء والتعامل الدولی إزاء التصدی لتلک المشکلات مع التطور المستمر فی واقع المجتمع الدولی الذی یتجسد فی ظهور دول جدیدة وزوال أخرى وتعقد العلاقات الدولیة فی جوانبها السیاسیة والاقتصادیة والاجتماعیة. حیث مرت مسیرة تطور نظام الخلافة فی القانون الدولی بمراحل أساسیة وجوهریة، تکشف کل مرحلة منها عن خصائص وسمات تمیزها، فبعد أن کانت هذه الموضوعات تنظم بقواعد عرفیة تثیر ما تثیره من مشکلات فی أثباتها وتفسیرها، أصبحت الیوم تحکم بقواعد اتفاقیة تتوزع مابین معاهدات عقدیة وأخرى شارعة, وثمة تطور أخر فی عملیة التعامل مع منازعات الخلافة فبعد أن کان المجتمع الدولی یتعامل معها بحلول آنیة ومؤقتة تحمل فی أغلب الأحیان طابع التناقض فی الأحکام الموضوعة لأوضاع مشابهة، باتت الیوم تلک الحلول أکثر تنظیماً ودقة فی المعالجات المطروحة لهذه النزعات وتوحید أحکامها وقواعدها.  }, keywords_ar = {المعاهدات الخاصة ودورها فی تسویة منازعات الخلافة بین الدول}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160738.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160738_2b90bf0a73e1b3fc22820e6786080db2.pdf} } @article { author = {Yahya, Saddam Khza'al}, title = {Judicial decision}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {18}, number = {56}, pages = {440-442}, year = {2013}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2013.160743}, abstract = {}, keywords = {Comment on a judicial decision}, title_ar = {قرار قضائی}, abstract_ar = {}, keywords_ar = {تعلیق على قرار قضائی}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160743.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160743_b7414e89e73bb9ddac6a2ca38359010e.pdf} }