@article { author = {Hamo, Nusaiba Ibrahim}, title = {Protection of commercial credit between civil insolvency and commercial bankruptcy}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {1-29}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160516}, abstract = {Credit is the essence and foundation of business life, the basis of business transactions confidence that prevails among the dealers in the business process, and this confidence requires the means and legal rules to strengthen and maintain in the best situation, and perhaps one of the most important means and systems that strengthen commercial credit is the system of bankruptcy, it is a system aimed at warning the merchant from the consequences of the delay in payment of his business obligations and draw a dubious picture of who is trying to challenge commercial credit.}, keywords = {insolvency,Civil}, title_ar = {حمایة الائتمان التجاری بین الإعسار المدنی والإفلاس التجاری}, abstract_ar = {ان الائتمان هو جوهر ورکیزة الحیاة التجاریة ، فأساس المعاملات التجاریة الثقة التی تسود أوساط المتعاملین فی العملیة التجاریة ، وهذه الثقة تستلزم من الوسائل والقواعد القانونیة ما یقویها ویحافظ علیها فی أفضل وضع ، ولعل من أهم هذه الوسائل والنظم المقویة للائتمان التجاری هو نظام الإفلاس ، فهو نظام یهدف إلى تحذیر التاجر من مغبة التأخر عن دفع التزاماته التجاریة ورسم صورة مریبة حول من یحاول الطعن فی الائتمان التجاری}, keywords_ar = {الإعسار,المدنی}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160516.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160516_3611ccfa6665cb906805c3db03a9f635.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, Salih Ahmed}, title = {Contract of Permission}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {30-62}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160521}, abstract = {We address in this research a very important subject which is the right of permission, that is, the permitting of using the funds owned by others without charge,  and the subject dealt with the issue of many problems, including:  What is meant by this right, and what is the difference between it and other rights, especially the loan contract and what is the nature of this right Is it a contract or acted alone? What are its pillars, and delivery is the pillar of it or not?}, keywords = {Utilization of funds,Owned by others}, title_ar = {عقد الإباحة}, abstract_ar = {نعالج فی هذا البحث موضوع فی غایة الأهمیة وهو حق الاباحة، أی اباحة الانتفاع بالاموال المملوکة للغیر دون مقابل، ومایثیره الموضوع من اشکالات کثیرة منها:-مالمقصود بهذا الحق، ومالفرق بینه وبین غیره من الحقوق ولاسیما عقد الاعارةوماهی طبیعة هذا الحق هل هو عقد ام تصرف بارادة منفردة ؟ ماهی ارکانه وهل التسلیم رکن فیه ام لا ؟}, keywords_ar = {الانتفاع بالاموال,المملوکة للغیر}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160521.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160521_c1f9435d0440de0603bffed8c35f8c30.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, Mohammed Rafe Younis}, title = {Provisions of the donation of the patient who does not survive from his illness with his property to Islamic Waqif}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {63-104}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160517}, abstract = {Whatever the degree of human orientation today towards the self and material, but it is not without the existence of people inclined to do good deeds, especially if a Muslim is a believer that the blessed consequence of  the abode of the Hereafter, So Allah makes them Almighty God for those who do not want to rise in the earth or corruption, therefore the human finds that the present life is a house of the courtyard and that the Hereafter is a house of survival, and he has to ready himself for the abode of the Hereafter, and that the best way to increase piety, and those who fear God is following his  words: ((By no means shall ye attain righteousness unless ye give (freely) of that which ye love; and whatever ye give, of a truth Allah knoweth it well)}, keywords = {Donation,Patient}, title_ar = {أحکام وقف المریض مرض الموت}, abstract_ar = {مهما کانت درجة اتجاه إنسان الیوم نحو الذات والمادة ، الا انه لا یخلو من وجود أناس میالون الى فعل الخیرات والمبرات ، ولاسیما اذا کان الانسان مسلماً مؤمناً بان عاقبة الدار یجعلها الله سبحانه وتعالى للذین لا یریدون علواً فی الأرض ولا فساداً ، فیجد هذا الانسان ان الدنیا دار فناء وان الآخرة دار بقاء ، وعلیه ان یتزود من دار دنیاه لدار بقائه ، وان خیر الزاد التقوى ، وان من تقوى الله اتباع قوله تعالى : (( لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون}, keywords_ar = {وقف,المریض}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160517.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160517_553f2c48ba80bb704dc537078f62fe3a.pdf} } @article { author = {Sulaiman, Bassam Majeed}, title = {Lessee's responsibility for the fire of the property - A comparative analytical study}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {107-151}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160522}, abstract = {Rent is of great economic, social and legal importance, as this economic importance shows the abundance of benefits that are achieved for both the lessor and the lessee. The rent is an economic means is an effective way to invest the human needs of the property and satisfy the need of the lessor to obtain the benefit of things and the exploitation of his money and the exit of those funds from the ownership of the lessor, and for the lessee the importance appears in obtaining the utility of things because he could not own such things}, keywords = {responsibility,Lessee}, title_ar = {مسؤولیة المستأجر عن حریق العین المؤجرة دراسة تحلیلیة مقارنة}, abstract_ar = {للإیجار أهمیة اقتصادیة واجتماعیة وقانونیة بالغة، إذ تظهر هذه الأهمیة الاقتصادیة لوفرة المزایا التی تتحقق لکل من المؤجر والمستأجر فالإیجار من الناحیة الاقتصادیة یعد وسیلة فعالة لاستثمار الإنسان مالاً یحتاج إلیه من ملکه وإشباع حاجة المؤجر بحصوله على منفعة الأشیاء واستغلال أمواله وعدم خروج تلک الأموال من ملکیته هذا من ناحیة المؤجر، وأما بالنسبة للمستأجر فأهمیته تظهر فی حصوله على منفعة الأشیاء لعدم قدرته على تملک مثل هذه الأشیاء}, keywords_ar = {مسؤولیة,المستأجر}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160522.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160522_6c6cc947b38bbd1cdb44f664eb66773e.pdf} } @article { author = {Al - Dabbagh, Aleia Younis Abdul Rahim}, title = {Linking globalization with money laundering and their impact on the money}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {152-177}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160518}, abstract = {The characteristics of any age are what the era offers, and from this point on, our current reality is witnessing the accelerated communication technology, which made the world a small village, dynamic interactive in all areas, especially in the transfer of capital. This is why our era is called globalization, as money is at the heart of the globalization economy, some have been drawn to it whatever it may be. In the context of globalization, money laundering operations of illicit origin have been active and mixed in the channels of the formal economy. This phenomenon was exacerbated and the methods of concealment varied in all ways of camouflage, thus making money away from the eyes of censorship}, keywords = {globalization,Money Laundering}, title_ar = {ارتباط العولمة بغسیل الأموال وأثرهما على المال}, abstract_ar = {أن سمات أی عصر من العصور هو ما تفرزه تلک الحقبة ، ومن هذا المنطلق فان واقعنا الراهن یشهد تکنولوجیا الاتصالات المتسارعة ، الذی جعل العالم قریة صغیرة ، بدینامیکیة متفاعلة فی کل مجالاتها وخاصة فی انتقال رؤوس الأموال . فسمی عصرنا بالعولمة ولما کان المال هو عصب اقتصاد العولمة فقد استدرج البعض إلى الحصول علیه أیاً کان مصدره . وفی ظل العولمة ، نشطت عملیات غسیل الأموال ذات المصدر غیر المشروع وتم زجه فی قنوات الاقتصاد الرسمی . فتفاقمت هذه الظاهرة وتنوعت أسالیب الإخفاء والتستر علیه بکل طرق التمویه فأصبح المال بعیداً عن عیون الرقابة}, keywords_ar = {العولمة,غسیل الموال}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160518.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160518_21473f1c6a8057f2e69d147825c8513d.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Sayegh, Mohammed Younis}, title = {The Financial System of the Islamic State}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {178-212}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160523}, abstract = {It can be said in principle that the emergence of public finances is due to the existence of the state itself, as many of the general needs that the human needs to satisfy are derived from the existence of society with the necessities of maintaining the continuity of the common life of its members, such as the need for internal security, repelled external aggression, securing food and the need for justice.}, keywords = {System,financial}, title_ar = {النظام المالی فی الدولة الإسلامیة}, abstract_ar = {یمکن القول بصفة مبدئیة أن نشأة المالیة العامة ترجع الى وجود الدولة ذاتها ، ذلک أن العدید من الحاجات العامة التی یحتاج إلیها الإنسان إلى اشباعها تستمد من وجود المجتمع مع ما یفرضه من اعتبارات المحافظة على الإستمرار على الحیاة المشترکة لأفراده ، کالحاجة الى الأمن الداخلی ، وصد العدوان الخارجی وتامین الغذاء والحاجة الى العدالة}, keywords_ar = {النظام,المالی}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160523.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160523_8e51360ab30419450a1717f67b5a976a.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Najafi, Mustafa Salem}, title = {The role of public opinion in protecting public rights and freedoms in Iraq.}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {213-278}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160519}, abstract = {Public opinion is a common term in the Prophetic Sunnah, Qur'an and researchers, and is frequently mentioned by journalists and politicians and is reflected in parliamentary debates. But he hesitates on tongues in our lives and our daily conversations. Everyone is interested in public opinion because it is a powerful force in people's lives. It creates and destroys fame, supports public service organizations, makes laws, cancels them, promotes or denies social traditions and moral principles. Although public opinion affects every person's daily life, few people think deeply about it and know how it works.}, keywords = {Protection of rights,Public freedoms}, title_ar = {دور الرأی العام فی حمایة الحقوق والحریات العامة فی العراق}, abstract_ar = {الرأی العام اصطلاح شائع على السنة الکتاب والباحثین ، وکثیرا ما یذکره الصحفیون والساسة ویرد فی المناقشات البرلمانیة . بل انه یتردد على الألسنة فی حیاتنا وأحادیثنا الیومیة. وکل إنسان یهتم بالرأی العام لأنه قوة ذات تأثیر کبیر فی حیاة الناس . فهو الذی یبنی الشهرة ویهدمها ویؤازر هیئات الخدمات العامة ویصنع القوانین ویلغیها ویرعى التقالید الاجتماعیة والمبادئ الأخلاقیة أو یتنکر لها ومع إن الرأی العام یؤثر فی الحیاة الیومیة لکل إنسان إلا إن قلیلا من الناس هم الذین یفکرون فیه تفکیرا عمیقا ویعرفون الطریقة التی یعمل بها}, keywords_ar = {حمایة الحقوق,الحریات العامة}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160519.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160519_f1927d3090640fd697865e0cbffba467.pdf} } @article { author = {Saleh, Qaidar Abdulkader}, title = {The error in managing the public utility}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {279-314}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160524}, abstract = {Administrative responsibility is the creation of the administrative judiciary, so it is not based on fixed codified rules, but it is changing according to the needs of public utilities and the needs of individuals. The expansion of the Department's activity in many areas has led to increased damage to persons and funds, so this responsibility came to repair these damages through compensation.}, keywords = {Creation of the administrative judiciary}, title_ar = {فکرة الخطأ المرفقی}, abstract_ar = {إن المسؤولیة الإداریة من خلق القضاء الإداری، فهی إذن لا تستند إلى قواعد مقننة ثابتة بل أنها متغیرة طبقاً لما تتطلبه حاجات المرافق العامة وحاجات الأفراد، وقد أدى اتساع نشاط الإدارة فی العدید من المجالات إلى زیادة الأضرار الواقعة على الأشخاص والأموال، وبالتالی جاءت هذه المسؤولیة لجبر هذه الأضرار عن طریق التعویض}, keywords_ar = {خلق القضاء الإداری}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160524.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160524_8d445a4798430ff5ea4a9bd9e458c8c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Othman, Abu Bakr Ahmed}, title = {B.O.T contracts and requirements for application in Iraq}, journal = {Al-rafidain of Law}, volume = {13}, number = {38}, pages = {315-358}, year = {2008}, publisher = {College Of Law-University of Mosul}, issn = {1819-1746}, eissn = {2664-2778}, doi = {10.33899/alaw.2008.160520}, abstract = {In recent years there has been a decline in the idea of ​​the interventionist state (which intervene with the economy), most countries resort to the market economy system and the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization, in addition to the huge technological progress that was acquired by giant companies. These developments have led to increased interest in administrative contracts as a means to satisfy the general needs of individuals, especially in the scope of infrastructure. The contract of commitment comes at the forefront of the administrative contracts that have received attention. This decade, after a long absence, has emerged in a new form called contracts of B.O.T, which is an agreement between the State represented by one of the competent administrative authorities and committed, who is a person of the special law, which is known in the scope of the B.O.T contracts on behalf of the project company, whereby the latter is committed to building and constructing a service project from the service projects for the infrastructure and at its expense, and then to operate it for the period specified in the contract. Upon completion, the service project will be transferred to the state for a fee or free of charge.}, keywords = {}, title_ar = {عقود البوت ومتطلبات تطبیقها فی العراق}, abstract_ar = {شهدت الآونة الأخیرة تراجعاً لفکرة الدولة المتدخلة ولجوء اغلب الدول إلى نظام اقتصاد السوق وبروز ظاهرة العولمة ،إضافة للتقدم التکنولوجی الهائل والذی امتلکت ناصیته شرکات عملاقة ، وقد أدت هذه التطورات إلى ازدیاد الاهتمام بالعقود الإداریة کوسیلة لإشباع الحاجات العامة للإفراد خصوصاً فی نطاق مرافق البنیة الأساسیة . وتأتی عقود الالتزام فی مقدمة العقود الإداریة التی نالت الاهتمام ،اذ ظهر هذا العقد وبعد غیاب طویل بصیغة جدیدة تسمى عقود البوت وهی عبارة عن اتفاق بین الدولة ممثلة بإحدى الجهات الإداریة المختصة والملتزم وهو شخص من أشخاص القانون الخاص والذی یصطلح علیه فی نطاق عقود البوت باسم شرکة المشروع، بموجبه تلتزم هذه الأخیرة ببناء وتشیید مرفق من مرافق البنیة الأساسیة وعلى نفقتها،ثم تتولى تشغیله المدة المحددة بالعقد ،وبانتهائها تنقل المرفق وتحوله إلى الدولة بمقابل أو بدون مقابل}, keywords_ar = {عقود,البوت}, url = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160520.html}, eprint = {https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160520_a0b33a2d620cb9a419f8cb795cb3cc0a.pdf} }